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Grelová S, Karasová M, Tóthová C, Kisková T, Baranová D, Lukáč B, Fialkovičová M, Micháľová A, Kunay L, Svoboda M. Relationship between FGF 23, SDMA, Urea, Creatinine and Phosphate in Relation to Feline Chronic Kidney Disease. Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 31;12(17):2247. doi: 10.3390/ani12172247.
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Brown CA, Elliott J, Schmiedt CW, Brown SA. Chronic Kidney Disease in Aged Cats: Clinical Features, Morphology, and Proposed Pathogeneses. Vet Pathol. 2016 Mar;53(2):309-26. doi: 10.1177/0300985815622975. Epub 2016 Feb 11. PMID: 26869151.
What is chronic kidney disease?
CKD is defined as a structural or functional abnormality of one or both kidneys, usually longer than three months (Lawson et al, 2021).
It is characterised by a permanent, irreversible and progressive reduction in the number of functional nephrons, leading to compromised filtration, impaired electrolyte balance, and the accumulation of waste products.
CKD vs. AKI (Acute Kidney Injury)
Distinguishing between CKD and acute kidney injury (AKI) is paramount. CKD involves irreversible, cumulative damage, while AKI is characterized by sudden and often reversible renal dysfunction. Recognizing these distinctions guides appropriate therapeutic approaches.
How common is feline CKD?
CKD is notably prevalent in geriatric feline populations, constituting a substantial proportion of veterinary nephrology cases. CKD is progressive in nature, and its prevalence increases with age, with up to 80% of cats over the age of 15 years being affected (Grelová et al, 2022). Understanding the epidemiology and predisposing factors aids in anticipating and managing this pervasive condition.
Exploring causes and risk factors
While ageing is a primary contributor to CKD (Brown et al, 2016), a multitude of factors can contribute to its development. Genetic predispositions, infections, and exposure to nephrotoxic agents further complicate the etiological landscape. Identifying and addressing as many of the specific causal factors as possible is crucial to developing effective treatment plans. Unfortunately, the causes of CKD are often not present at the time of diagnosis.
The normal role of the kidneys
Appreciating the intricate functions of healthy kidneys provides a foundation for understanding CKD. The kidneys filter waste, regulate electrolytes, and play a vital role in maintaining overall homeostasis. As CKD progresses, these functions become compromised, necessitating strategic dietary and therapeutic interventions.
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