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  • Lawson JS, Jepson RE. Feline comorbidities: The intermingled relationship between chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2021;23(9):812-822. doi:10.1177/1098612X211037872
  • Grelová S, Karasová M, Tóthová C, Kisková T, Baranová D, Lukáč B, Fialkovičová M, Micháľová A, Kunay L, Svoboda M. Relationship between FGF 23, SDMA, Urea, Creatinine and Phosphate in Relation to Feline Chronic Kidney Disease. Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 31;12(17):2247. doi: 10.3390/ani12172247.

  • Brown CA, Elliott J, Schmiedt CW, Brown SA. Chronic Kidney Disease in Aged Cats: Clinical Features, Morphology, and Proposed Pathogeneses. Vet Pathol. 2016 Mar;53(2):309-26. doi: 10.1177/0300985815622975. Epub 2016 Feb 11. PMID: 26869151.

  • Hori Y, Heishima Y, Yamashita Y, Isayama N, Kanno N, Nakamura K, Iguchi M, Ibaragi T, Onodera H, Aramaki Y, Hirakawa A, Yamano S, Katagi M, Kitade A, Sawada T. Relationship between indirect blood pressure and various stages of chronic kidney disease in cats. J Vet Med Sci. 2018 Mar 24;80(3):447-452. doi: 10.1292/jvms.17-0620. Epub 2018 Jan 3. PMID: 29311521; PMCID: PMC5880824.
  • Nephrology and Urology of Small Animals. Editor(s):Joe Bartges DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine), DACVN,, David J. Polzin DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine), First published:18 February 2011 Print ISBN:9780813817170 |Online ISBN:9781118785546 |DOI:10.1002/9781118785546

  • IRIS Board (2023) IRIS Staging of CKD. Available at http://iris-kidney.com/pdf/2_IRIS_Staging_of_CKD_2023.pdf (Accessed November 2023).

  • Bartges J., Polzin D.J. Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephrology and Urology of Small Animals. 1st ed. Wiley Blackwell; Oxford, UK: 2011. pp. 433–468. 

  • Acierno MJ, Brown S, ColemtheseE, Jepson RE, Papich M, Stepien RL, Syme HM. ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2018 Nov;32(6):1803-1822. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15331. Epub 2018 Oct 24. PMID: 30353952; PMCID: PMC6271319.

  • Rizwan F, Yesmine S, Banu SG, Chowdhury IA, Hasan R, Chatterjee TK. Renoprotective effects of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), amlodipine, valsartan, and losartan in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model: Biochemical, hematological and histological approaches. Toxicol Rep. 2019 Jul 11;6:683-691. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.003. PMID: 31372346; PMCID: PMC6656923.

  • Bernsteen L, Gregory CR, Kyles AE, Wooldridge JD, Valverde CR. Trasplante renal en gatos. Clin Tech Pequeña Animación Pract. febrero de 2000; 15(1):40-5. doi: 10.1053/svms.2000.7303. PMID: 10911684.

  • Viernes SE, Oyama MA, Massey LK, Aronson LR. Efecto de la calcificación metastásica sobre la tasa de complicaciones y la supervivencia en 74 gatos trasplantados renales (1998-2020). Cirugía veterinaria octubre de 2023; 52(7):952-960. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13984. Epub 3 de julio de 2023. PMID: 37395131. 

  • Adams LG et al. (1994) Influence of dietary protein/calorie intake on renal morphology and function in cats with 5/6 nephrectomy. Lab Invest 70: 347-357.

  • Barber PJ et al. (1999) Effect of dietary phosphate restriction on renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in the cat. J Small Anim Pract 40(2): 62-70.

  • Dow SW et al. (1990) Effects of dietary acidification and potassium depletion on acid-base balance, mineral metabolism and renal function in adult cats. J Nutr 120: 569-578.

  • Elliot J et al. (2000) Survival of cats with naturally occurring chronic renal failure: effect of dietary management. J Small Anim Pract 41: 235 – 242.

  • Freeman LM et al. (2016) Evaluation of weight loss over time in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 30: 1661-1666.

  • Harte JG et al. (1994) Dietary management of naturally occurring chronic renal failure in cats. J Nutr 124(12 Suppl): 2660S-2662S.

  • IRIS, International Renal Interest Society (2023) Treatment Recommendations for CKD in Cats. http://www.iris-kidney.com/guidelines/recommendations.html

  • Plantinga EA et al. (2005) Retrospective study of cats with acquired chronic renal failure offered different commercial diets. Vet Rec 157: 185-187.

  • Ross LA et al. (1982) Effect of dietary phosphorus restriction on the kidneys of cats with reduced renal mass. Am J Vet Res 43: 1023-1026.

  • Ross SJ (2006) Clinical evaluation of dietary modification for treatment of spontaneous chronic kidney disease in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229(6): 949-957.

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